General technical conditions for transportation an

General specification for transport packages of general cargo (Part 1)

national standard of the people's Republic of China

UDC 658.788

GB

General specification for transport packages of general cargo

1 main content and scope of application

this standard specifies the general requirements, types Performance test of technical requirements and qualification inspection

this standard is applicable to the transportation packaging of general goods carried by railways, highways, waterways and airlines. It does not include dangerous goods, fresh and perishable goods, and transportation packages whose weight of a single piece of goods exceeds the weight specified in this standard

the transportation and packaging of products shall meet the technical requirements specified in this standard

2 general

2.1 goods transportation packaging is a packaging with the main purpose of transportation and storage. It must have the functions of ensuring the safety of goods, facilitating loading, unloading, storage and transportation, and accelerating the inspection of handover points

2.2 the transportation package of goods shall meet the requirements of science, firmness, economy and aesthetics

2.3 the transportation packaging of goods should ensure that in the normal circulation process, it can resist the influence of environmental conditions without damage, damage and other phenomena, and ensure the safe, complete and rapid transportation of goods to the destination

2.4 the packaging materials, auxiliary materials and containers for the transportation of goods shall comply with the provisions of relevant national standards. Materials and containers without standards must be tested and verified, and their performance can meet the requirements of circulation environmental conditions

2.5 the transportation and packaging of goods shall be inspected and supervised by the nationally recognized quality inspection department, and the test results shall be evaluated, and the certificate system shall be gradually implemented

2.6 the transportation package of goods shall be complete and shaped. The inner cargo shall be uniformly loaded, compressed, neatly arranged, properly padded, fixed, and the center of gravity position shall be lower than the computer automatically collected data calculation results

2.7 according to the characteristics of goods and the circulation environmental conditions such as handling, loading and unloading, transportation, storage, etc., the packaging with protective devices shall be selected. Such as shockproof, anti-theft, rain proof, moisture-proof, rust proof, mold proof, dust-proof and other protective packaging

2.8 the sealing of the transportation package of goods must be tight and firm, and the goods that are light, small and easy to be lost should be sealed, nailed or fully bonded with tape for sealing and reinforcement. According to the requirements of the name, volume, characteristics, weight, length and transportation mode of the chemical, steel belt, plastic strapping belt or hemp rope are selected for two-way, three-way, cross, double cross, cross, double cross and other types of binding and reinforcement. The strapping belt shall be lapped firmly, moderately tight, flat and not twisted, and shall not be less than 2 times

2.9 the size of the bottom area of transportation packages for all kinds of rectangular goods shall comply with the provisions of GB 4892 "rigid rectangular transportation package size series"

2.10 the transportation package of goods must be marked. The marks shall meet the requirements of the nature of the goods loaded and the transportation conditions. The transportation package marks shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB 191 pictorial marks for packaging, storage and transportation, GB 6388 pictorial marks for receipt and delivery of transportation packages and GB 5892 pictorial marks for photosensitive materials sensitive to radiant energy

the signs should be correct, clear, complete and firm. The inner goods are consistent with the signs. If the goods are fragile and need to be handled with care, the "handle with care" sign must be used. The old signs should be erased. Generally, the signs should be printed or marked, and it is also allowed to hang or paste. The signs should not fade, fall off or spray on the residual marks

2.11 the transportation department can formulate corresponding supplementary regulations on transportation packaging and transportation environmental conditions according to the characteristics and requirements of different transportation modes when necessary

3 types of goods transportation packaging

there are different types of goods transportation packaging, which can be divided into 8 categories according to the transportation packaging of goods carried by the transportation department. Namely: boxes, barrels, bags, wrapping, splints, shafts and plates, baskets, jars, partial packaging and binding

according to the different materials of making transportation packaging containers, various transportation packaging can be divided into several types

3.1 box type

box type packaging is straight hexahedron, with a certain rigidity, usually rectangular bowl. According to its production materials, it can be divided into wooden boxes, lattice wooden boxes, corrugated boxes, calcium plastic boxes, plywood boxes, bamboo plywood boxes, fiberboard boxes, creative board boxes, iron boxes, magnesite concrete boxes, etc

3.2 barrel type

barrel type packaging is usually round barrel, square barrel, Pipa barrel. According to its production materials, it can be divided into iron barrels, wooden barrels, aluminum barrels, cardboard barrels, plywood barrels, fiberboard barrels, plastic barrels and so on

3.3 bags

bag packaging is a foldable flexible packaging container with an opening at one end. According to its production materials, it can be divided into gunny bags, multi-layer paper bags, cloth bags, plastic woven bags, composite bags and so on

3.4 wrapping type

wrapping type packaging is to wrap the goods with one or more layers of flexible materials, fasten and fix them with various strapping belts, and reinforce them into straight hexahedrons, usually cuboids and flat cubes. According to the wrapping materials, it can be divided into cloth bags, gunny bags, mat bags, plastic woven cloth bags, paper bags and so on

3.5 splints and shaft discs

according to the shape and nature of goods, they are usually rectangular splints and circular shaft discs. According to its production materials, it can be divided into dense wood plywood, flower frame wood plywood, wood shaft plate, iron wood shaft plate and so on

3.6 baskets and baskets

baskets and baskets are packed as cuboids, flat cubes or cylinders. According to its knitting materials, it can be divided into bamboo baskets (baskets), wicker baskets (baskets), locust baskets (baskets), thorny baskets (baskets), Rattan Baskets (baskets), steel wire baskets (then the experimental data will not be recorded)

3.7 jar type

jar type packaging is a packaging container with a small mouth and a large belly, which is usually in the shape of small screw mouth, ears without ears (handle, handle), large mouth and no screw mouth. According to its production materials, it can be divided into pottery altar, porcelain altar and so on

note: as a transportation package, it should also meet the technical requirements of table 4.7

3.8 partial packaging and binding type

partial packaging and binding type can be wrapped, bound, bound and other partial packaging according to the nature, shape, quality, volume of each goods or the need for protection in individual special parts

4 performance test

4.1 test purpose

simulate or reproduce various hazards that may be encountered in the circulation of transportation packages and their ability to resist these hazards, or arbitrate in case of accidents

4.2 test items

generally, two tests, stacking test and vertical impact drop test, should be carried out for the performance test of cargo transportation packages

according to the characteristics of goods, packaging type, different transportation methods, goods, circulation environmental conditions and the requirements of the owner and transportation department, other corresponding tests can be selected according to the provisions of GB 4857.1 general principles for basic tests of transportation packages, such as water level impact test, vibration test, spray test, low air pressure test, hydraulic test and non leakage test

4.3 test method and strength value

test method and strength value shall be in accordance with GB 4857.3 Basic test stacking test method for transport packages

gb 4857.4 Basic test pressure test method for transport packages

gb 4857.5 Basic test method for transport packages vertical impact drop test method

gb 4857.7 Basic test sinusoidal vibration (constant frequency) test method for transport packages

gb 4857.10 Basic tests of transport packages sinusoidal vibration (frequency conversion) test method

GB 4857.11 basic tests of transport packages horizontal impact test method (inclined plane test, pendulum test)

GB 4857.6 basic tests of transport packages rolling test method

GB 4857.9 basic tests of transport packages spray test method

GB 4857.8 basic tests of transport packages hexagonal roller test method

hydrostatic test and non leakage test are carried out according to national standards such as

gb 325 200L closed steel barrel. The strength value specified in the test is the minimum requirement for inspecting the strength of cargo transportation packaging

the contents of the test sample should generally be physical objects

4.4 evaluation of test results

after the transportation package of goods is tested according to the specified items, the transportation package is not seriously damaged, the internal goods are not spilled, damaged, and well bundled, which can be confirmed as qualified and transported. (to be continued)